Is harm/injury required in a tort claim ?

In a constitutional tort, as in any other, a plaintiff must allege that the defendant's actions caused him some injury. See Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 448 (9th Cir. 2000)

See also Carey v. Piphus, 435 U.S. 247 (1978)


But see ____ v. Silver, that ... is true although the threat is not actually effective."